Coke-oven and method of operating same.



No. 627,595. v Patented June 27, I899.

' F. w c. scHmEwmn.

COKE oven AND meruun or OPERATING SAME.

( pplication filed A (No Model.)

i 1 a M E II I Witnesses. Inventor. 4 w' fl. W

gig-44 9g &; Attorney 'UNITED STATES PATENT FIT-ICE: v

FREDERIC W. o. scnmnwmn', or r'rrrsnuac, PENNSYLVANIA, Assists-on TO THE UNITED" COKE. AND GAS COMPANY, OF CHARLESTON, VIRGINIA, AND PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. I

COKE-OVEN AND METHOD OIF'OPIERATING SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming art t Letters rate No, 627,595, dated June 27, 1899.

Application filed April 26, 1897- To all whom it may concern.- g Be itknown that I, FREDERIC W. C. SCHNIE- WIND,- a citizen of the United .States of America, residing in Pittsburg, in the county 5 of Allegheny, in the State t Pennsylvania,

have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Coke-Ovens and in the-Method of Operating the Same, of which the following is a true and exact descriptiomreterence be- [0' ing had to the accompanying drawings vhich form a part thereof.

My invention relates to the construction and mode of operatinn of closed externallyheated coke-ovens, having for its purpose the x separate collection of the gases of varying richnessand value given off atdifierent stages of the coking operation, the drawing 01f of the gases at difierent stages of the operation by sucking or exhausting devices working at dif '20 ferent pressures, the quenching of the coke ,siderably diminished, and following this is a third period characterized by a pronounced t 3 5 rise in the temperature of the coal inthe oven and the production of large volumes of gas characterized by a high percentage of hydrogen and a small percentage of hydrocarbons; Qwing to the rapid changes of temperature 0 to which the walls of the coking-ovens are subjected, as well as to the great pressure exerted upon them by the coking-coaL-the' ovenwalls are usually not gas-tight, andconsequently there is apt to be either aflow of'the' gases used for heating the ovens externally into the ovens, which takes place when the pressure within the oven is less than. the pressure in the heating-chambers surrounding it,

or the flow of gases from the oven into the sur-.

Serial No.633,876'- (No model.)

rounding chambers, which takes place when the pressure in the oven exceeds the pressure in the surrounding chambers. In either contingency there is apt to be a loss in value either by the adulteration of the rich gases generated in the oven by the poor gases used for heating the oven orby the loss of rich gases escaping "from the oven into the heat- Again, the delivery of all gases generated in thecokingovens into the same take-01f mains results in the production of a gas having the average percentage of hydrocarbons of all the gases generated. during the coking operation,'and this mixed gas is low in hydrocarbons for use as an illuminatinggas and rich in hydrocarbons for use as a heating-gas. My improved method of operating the ovens has in view the overcoming of the vabovementioned defects of the usual process; and it consistsiin drawing 0d the gases generated in was!" the oven .at different stages of the coking op-.

.eration through difierent gas-mains and by means of exhausting devices working at ditferent pressures, whereby the pressure in the ovens may be maintained approximately constant and approximately equal to the pres, sure in the surrounding heatingflues.- In this way it will be obvious that not only will the poor and rich gases be collected separately, but the loss of oven-gas or its admixture with heating-flue gas practically prevented.

It is usual in the operation of the closed externally-heated coke-ovens to withdraw the coke when the coking operation is' complete and quench it outside of the oven. This is accompanied by two drawbaoks- -first, the loss of theheat'of the incandescent coke, and,

second, the fact .that'it leaves the walls of the oven at practically their maximum tem'- perature, as aresult of which the dumping of a new charge of coal into the retort results in a. rapid and destructive chilling oflthe retort-walls and at the same time in the evolution of a large quantity of rich gas, which issues freely through the charging-openingand is not only wasted, but is very troublesome to the workmen. These losses and objectionable features of the usual practice, I have overcome by introducing steam into the retort after the coking operation. is complete and before the ovens are opened, thereby "water-gas, which is drawn 01? in one of the gas-mains connected with the oven and at an appropriate pressure. For the best results I introduce not only steam but hydrocarbon oil or oil-vapor into the retort while the coke is still sulficiently hot to crack the oil, thus making at the same time water-gas and oilgas, which carbnretsan'd enriches the water- 'gas. I discontinue the injection of oilwhen the temperature falls below the point at which a permanent gas would be formed, cont-inuing, however, the introduction of steam until the temperature falls to a point too low for the production of water-gas.

Reference being now had to the drawings, which illustrate an apparatus adapted for use in accordance with my newly-invented lug-ovens.

E E, &c., indicate the vertical passages leading into the tops of the coke-ovens, by which they may be charged and th rough which the gases escape. As shown, they communicate with conduits F, closed at the top by plates II and from which leadbranches G G, communicating, through passages G, with the gas-mains I and I, respectively,-.H H indicating valves by which. either of the gas-mains or I can be placed in communication with the conduit F at pleasure. v

J and'J' indicate exhaust-fans connected, respectively, with the conduits I and I and which,'as before described, should be runat different speeds.

K K, &c., indicate steam-pipes leading into the coke-ovens A; L L, &c., pipes for the introduction of hydrocarbon oils or oil-vapors,

also leading into the ovens A.

In operation the coke ovens are charged in the usual or any convenient way and are heated by the combustion of gas in the flues C. One of the gasmains1, for instance is placed in communication with the oven by a proper manipulation of the valves H andthe rich gases drawn off at an appropriate pressure regulated by the exhau'stfan J. As the gas becomes poor in hydrocarbons the main 1' is disconnected with the ovens and the main I placed in connection with them.

The exhaust-fan .1, being runat a speed pro-, po'r'tionate to the evolution of'gas, will maintain an appropriate pressure in the ovens, and of course the desired separation of the rich andpoor gas is eifectcd' at the same time. I have shown but two mains and twoexhaust devices; but obviously more can be employed with advantage where it is desired to effect a still greater separation of gas of different quality or to more nicely regulate the pressure in the 'coke-ovens, and this matter of pressure can also be regulated by varying the action of the exhaust device, although for practical purposes and in view of the fact that each main will in practice be united with a number of ovensit is preferable to run the exhausting devices ata practically constant speed and pressure. After the coking of the coal is complete I turn steam into the ovens throu h the pipes K, quenching the coke, gradua ly cooling the fines of the oven, and by the decomposition of the steam'forming water-gas, which is carried off through the appropriate gas-main and at the proper pressure. inject hydrocarbon oils through the pipesL during the early part of the quenching operat ion for the purpose of enriching the water-gas and increasing the general proportion of rich illuminating-gas obtainable from the ovens.

' Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire'to secure by Letters Patent, is-

. 1. The method of manufacturing coke and of likewise recovering separately, as auxiliary products, gases, differing in richness,- driven off from thebody of 'the coking-coal, which consists in inclosing successive charges, one at a time,-in a closed oven, subjecting each successive charge to a coking heatap" plied from without purely by conduction through the walls of the oven and to all parta of the charge and distilling off thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, fractionally's'eparating said' gases by drawingjoff and collecting those generated at differentstages of the coking of the charge into separate receptacles and thereby preventing the adulteration of Preferably, as before stated, I also I the richer by the poorer gases and finally drawing the coked charge from the oven preparatory to recharging-the same. a

2. The method ot manufactu ring coke and of likewise recoveringseparately as auxil-'- iary products gases. differing in richness driven off from the body of the coking-coal, which consists 'in inclosing the coal charge within a closed oven, subjecting it, to a coking heat by conduction through the walls of the oven from without and distilling off thereby; the volatile hydrocarbon gases, fractionallyseparating the said gases by drawing off and collecting themat various stages of the coking operation into separate receptacles and maintaining during the various stages of the coking operation a substantial equilibrium of pressure between the oven-gases and the external of likewise recovering as an auxiliary product gases driven ofli from the body of the coking-coal which consists in .inclosin-g a coal charge within a closed oven, subjecting it to a coking heat by conduction through the walls of the even from without and distilling oir thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, then when'the coal is substantially coked quenching the igneous coke in the oven, cooling the walls of said oven and producing a further gas generation. by injecting steam into the closed 'oven, then withdrawing the quenched coke, recharging the cooled oven with a fresh body of coking-coal and continuing the treatment as above.

4. The method of manufacturing coke and of likewise recovering as an auxiliary prod nct gases driven off from the body of the coking-coal which consists in inclosi n g a coal charge within a closed oven, subjecting it toacokingheat by conduction through the walls of the oven from without and distilling off thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, then when the coal is substantially coked quenching the igneous coke in the oven, cooling the walls of said oven and producing a further gas generation by'injectin g steam and hydrocarbon oil into the closed oven, then with- I drawing the quenched coke, recharging the cooled oven with a fresh body of coking-coal and continuing the-treatment as above.

5. The methodof manufacturing coke and of likewise recovering as an auxiliary prod uct gases driven off from the body of the coking-coal which consists in inclosing a coal charge .within a closed oven, subjectingit to acokin g heat by conduction through the walls of the even from without and distilling 01f thereby the volatile-hydrocarbon gases, then when the coal is substantially coked quenching the igneous coke in the oven, cooling the walls of said oven and producing a furthergas generatlon by injecting steam and hydro- A carbon oil into the closed oven, maintaining during the various stages of the coking operation a substantial equilibrium of pressure between the oven gases and the external heatinggaees then withdrawing the guenched' coke, recharging the cooled oven with a fresh body of cokingcoal and continuing the treatment-asabove. v

6. In combination witha closed externallyheated coke-oven, separated gas-mains I and I having valves as H H whereby they can be connected or disconnected from the oven'and each having an'independent exhaust device as J J f 7. In combination with-a closed externallyheated coke-oven, separated gas-mains I and I having valves as H H whereby they can be connected or disconnected from the oven and each having arr-independent exhaust device as J J and a steam-conduit opening into the oven.

8. In combination with a closed externallyheated coke-oven, separate gas-mains I and I having valves as H H whereby they can be connected or disconnected from the oven and each having an" independent exhaust device as J J and steam and oilconduits opening into the oven. 9. The combination with a bank orplurality of closed exteriorly-heated coke-ovens, ofseparated gas-mains I and I communicating with said ovens, said gas-mains having valves II II", whereby ahy oven can be connected or disconnected-from either main, each of the mains having. an exhaust device, as J J.

10. The combination with a bank or plurality of closed exteriorly-heated coke-ovens, of separated gas-mains I and I communicating with said ovens, said gas-mains ,having valves H H, whereby any oven can be con nected'ordisconnected from either main, each of the mains having an exhaust device,'as J J and a steam-conduit-opening into it.

11. The combination of aban-k or plurality of closed exteriorly-heated coke-ovens, of sop-- arated gas-mains I and I communicating with said ovens, said gas-mains having valves H .H, whereby any oven can be connected or disconnected from either main, each'of the mains having an exhaust device, as J J and steam and oil conduits opening into it. p

- F. W. C. SCHNIEWIND. Witnesses:

Cans; F. MYERS, D. STEWART.

Disclaimer in Letters" Patent No. 627,595.

' DISCLAIMER.

-627,595.Frederic W. G. Schniewind, Pittsbnrg, Pa. IMPROVEMENT IN GoKE-OvENs AND METHOD or OPERATING SAME. Patent dated June 27, 1899. Disclaimer filed November 6, 1901, by the assignee, The United Coke and Gas Company, of Charlestown, W. Va, and Philadelphia, Pa.', a corporation of West Virginia. Entersits disclaimer 1 i Y To such parts of the thing patented as are especially pointed out and referred to in the first, third, and fourth claims of said Letters Patent, constituting thesubjectmatter of said claims. which are in the following words, to wit:

1. The method of manufacturing coke and of likewise recovering separately, as auxiliary products, gases, differing in richness, drivenofi from the body of the cokingcoal, which consists in inclosing successive charges, one at a time, in a closed oven,

'subjecting'each successive charge to a coking heat applied from without purely by conduction through the walls of the oven and to all parts of the charge and distilling 'ofi' thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, fraction-ally separating said gases by drawing off and collecting those generated at difi'erent stages of the coking of the charge into separate receptacles and thereby preventing the adulteration of the richer by the poorer gases and finally drawing the coked charge from the oven preparatory to recharging the same.

3. The method of manufacturing coke and of likewise recovering as an auxiliary .productgases driven ofi from the body of the coking-coal which consists in inclosing a coal charge 'within a closed oven, subjecting it to a coking heat by conduction through the walls of the oven from without and distilling ofi' thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, then when the coal is substantially coked quenching the igneous coke in the oven, cooling'the walls of said oven and producing a further gas generation by injecting steam into the closed oven, then withdrawing the quenched coke, recharging the cooled oven with a fresh body of coking-coal and continuing the treatment as above.

4. The method of manufacturing coke and of likewise recovegn'og asarn'auxiiiary" product gases driven off from the body of the coking-coal which consists ininclosing a coal charge within a closed oven, subjecting it to a coking heat by conduction through thewalls of the oven from Without and distilling oft thereby the volatile hydrocarbon gases, then when the coal is substantially coked quenching the igneous coke inj the oven, cooling the walls of said oven and producing a further gas generation by injecting steam and hydrocarbon oil into the closed oven, then withdrawing the quenched coke, recharging the cooled oven with a fresh body of coking-coal and continuing the treatment as above.[ Oflicial Gazette, Ndvcmber 12, 1.901.] 

